Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

About Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

RSV is a common cause of respiratory illness in infants. It is most active in late fall and winter (November to March), and by the age of two, nearly all children have been infected. Preterm infants and those with congenital heart or lung conditions are at higher risk of severe illness, complications, or even death. RSV accounts for about 25% of hospitalizations in infants and toddlers due to pneumonia and around 75% due to bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways). It is the leading cause of hospitalization for infants in their first year of life.

The illness usually causes mild fever, runny nose, and cough, but severe cases can lead to pneumonia. There is no specific treatment other than supportive care, such as saline inhalations, oxygen if needed, or mechanical ventilation in severe cases. RSV is highly contagious and spreads through close contact, for example, via the eyes and nose, as well as through coughing and sneezing. People infected with RSV can get reinfected throughout their lives, but the first infection carries the highest risk of complications, especially if it occurs before 12 months of age.

About the RSV vaccine

To protect infants early in life, an RSV vaccine will be offered as part of the immunization schedule starting September 2025. The vaccine is safe and effective and has been approved in over 50 countries. It is given in around 25 countries, including the United States and Australia. Millions of doses have been given to infants and toddlers, with studies showing it reduces hospitalizations from RSV by an average of 83%.

Vaccine name: Beyfortus (Nirsevimab)

Vaccine composition: The vaccine is a passive vaccine, meaning it does not activate the infant’s own immune system. Instead, it contains a specific antibody against RSV (and does not contain the virus or any part of it). The antibody prevents the virus from attaching to and entering the airway cells, thereby preventing disease.

Who the vaccine is for: The vaccine is intended for infants during their first RSV season.

Note: According to the Health Basket Committee, infants born from February 19, 2025, to the end of August 2025 will receive the vaccine at the family care center (tipat halav) along with their routine vaccinations.

The vaccine is also given during the second RSV season for infants and toddlers at increased risk for severe RSV illness. This includes preterm infants or those born preterm with chronic lung disease requiring supportive care, as well as children with congenital heart disease or cystic fibrosis (CF).

How the vaccine is given: The vaccine is administered as an injection in the thigh.

Vaccine schedule: The schedule depends on the baby's birth date:

• Infants who were supposed to receive the vaccine in the hospital but missed a shot can be vaccinated at family care centers (Tipat Halav) duting regular visits.
• Infants who need a dose during their second RSV season can get vaccinated at Tipat Halav before the season starts.
• For children who have had heart-lung bypass surgery, an additional vaccine dose may be given after the surgery.

• Redness, swelling, and pain where the shot was given: You can place a clean cloth soaked in lukewarm water where the shot was given. Avoid rubbing or massaging.
• Rash: May appear within 14 days after vaccination.
• Rare side effects: Vomiting, diarrhea.

More information on possible vaccine side effects