End-Of-Life Care Planning for People With Advanced Dementia
Dementia is a disease that develops in stages and impairs mental and behavioral functions. The final stage of dementia typically has a duration ranging from one to three years. In some individuals, it is characterized by a gradual and long decline, while others may experience a rapid deterioration that can lead to an unforeseen death.
At the advanced stage of dementia, the patient may experience substantial communication difficulties, considerable cognitive impairment, memory loss, difficulty identifying objects and family members, etc. The final stage is challenging not only for the patient but also for their family members.
Planning for the advanced stage of dementia and the end of life may help alleviate the challenges associated with this period.
Treating people with dementia
It is crucial to start planning and address all aspects of the patient's life as soon as they are diagnosed with the condition:
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Physical needs
It is essential to continue managing any other medical condition that the patient diagnosed with advanced dementia has to ensure regular medication intake, pain management, treatment of any physical distress, detecting and preventing pressure sores, pains during sleep, sleep disorders, etc.
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Emotional needs
It is essential to provide support for the patient with advanced dementia suffering from stress and mental distress, as well as for anxieties and agitation, particularly, when they experience emotional reactions due to confusion and forgetfulness.
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Interpersonal needs
People with dementia need close connections with their family and constant assistance to handle emotional self-regulation difficulties.
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Personal needs
It is important to be attentive and sensitive to the social, cultural, spiritual, and religious needs of the patient and their family members
For more information on the subject
Making decisions regarding the treatment of a person with dementia
Upon receiving a dementia diagnosis, it is advised for family members, relatives, and caregivers to seek consultation, support, and guidance from healthcare professionals. Furthermore, it is advisable that, at the diagnosis stage, a primary caregiver be chosen together with the patient. At this stage, it is recommended to allow the patient to decide on the methods of decision-making regarding their treatment and ongoing care.
It is recommended that the patient sign advance health care instructions and a power of attorney to prepare for a future state of incapacity. A guardian may have to be appointed according to the patient’s condition.
Palliative care in dementia
Palliative care is a treatment designed to improve the quality of life of a person suffering from a terminal illness, including dementia. The treatment can be prolonged or given only towards the end of life, depending on the person's condition.